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The Researchers' Corner Research; the mysterious process which slowly sweeps away the passage of time to reveal the unique history within every award and unit. |
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04-25-2004, 09:01 PM | #11 |
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Here's a list of soviet military abbreviations that has been very helpful to me:
http://rkka.ru/iabbr.htm Hope some of you find it helpful. Doug |
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04-26-2004, 02:29 AM | #12 |
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KGB - Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti - Committe of State Security
ENSV - Eesti Nuokogoude Sosialistemaaks Vabariig (Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic) |
04-26-2004, 10:01 AM | #13 |
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Doug, Patrik,
Thanks for the infos. Eddie.
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Everybody's equal, But some more than others! "Those who come to us with the sword - will be killed by the sword" - Alexander Nevski |
05-02-2004, 05:27 PM | #14 |
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What was?
DOSAAF Premilitary Training
--------------------------------- Military and physical fitness training began at the age of ten in the Pioneers. Their activities emphasized military-patriotic indoctrination, marching, and discipline. The Pioneers also guarded Soviet war monuments and participated in military sports games held every summer since 1967. In the games, children were divided into commanders, staff, and troops for maneuvers that simulated partisan warfare behind enemy lines. Teenagers, age fourteen and older, participated in more sophisticated military games. When the terms of service for soldiers and sailors were reduced by one year in 1967, the government introduced general preconscription military training. The institution of preconscription training was designed to compensate for the reduced length of military service by providing basic military training prior to induction. DOSAAF organized and conducted premilitary training for young men and women between the ages of sixteen and eighteen. In principle, every secondary or vocational-technical school, factory, and collective farm in the Soviet Union had a DOSAAF organization. Millions of Soviet teenagers received 140 hours of instruction in military regulations, small arms, grenade throwing, vehicle operation and maintenance, first aid, civil defense, and chemical defense. This training enabled them to learn advanced military skills more quickly after conscription. The Soviet press has claimed that each year 75 million people are involved in over 300,000 DOSAAF programs nationwide. DOSAAF also had its own publishing house and monthly journal. Each union republic had a DOSAAF organization headed by a chairman and a central committee. DOSAAF worked closely with the ministries of education and the state committees for physical culture and sports in the union republics; it also maintained close relations with the deputy commanders for premilitary training in the military districts. The Premilitary Training Directorate within the Ministry of Defense supervised DOSAAF, yet the DOSAAF budget was separate from that of the Ministry of Defense. The best DOSAAF clubs were found in the Russian Republic, which includes 51 percent of the people and 75 percent of the territory. The clubs offered specialist training, such as skiing, parachute jumping, scuba diving, motorcycle driving, seamanship, flying, and radio and electronics maintenance, which were not available in other republics. Yet many DOSAAF organizations throughout the country lacked qualified or full-time military instructors. Providing time and facilities for DOSAAF training was an added burden on schools and factories. In 1989 the southern Soviet republics were often criticized in the military press for having poor premilitary training programs and sending unprepared recruits to the armed forces. One Western observer estimated that only half of Soviet troops actually received prescribed DOSAAF instruction prior to induction. Approximately one-third of all inductees, however, possessed a technical military specialty that they had learned in a DOSAAF club. Here are Two DOSAAF badges For Excellence in Studies. On the left the earlier version. Eddie.
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Everybody's equal, But some more than others! "Those who come to us with the sword - will be killed by the sword" - Alexander Nevski Last edited by Taz; 06-02-2004 at 05:20 AM. |
05-02-2004, 05:33 PM | #15 |
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What was?
OSOAVIAKhIM
-------------------- While other countries were just beginning to experiment with military parachutists, the Soviets had already established a military parachute school by the mid-1930s. Even more important for training airborne troops, however, had been the absorption of all parachute clubs in 1933 into Osoaviakhim (loosely translated as the “Society for the Promotion of Aviation and Chemical Defense”), a paramilitary group roughly similar to the Boy Scouts or Girl Scouts and geared towards teaching skills applicable to the Soviet armed forces. In addition to parachute training, many young men and women were receiving training in flying both gliders and powered aircraft. By 1936, there were 559 parachute towers in the Soviet Union and 115 parachute training schools. In that same year members of Osoaviakhim and other civilians made 1,600,000 jumps from towers and 30,000 jumps from planes. As a result of this intensive civilian training program, it is estimated that in 1940, over a million Soviet men and women were trained parachutists. Osoaviakhim had taught many of the most promising parachutists other military skills. Marksmanship, map reading, first aid, and physical training, for example, were included as adjuncts to parachute training. Mass jumps were made by groups who assembled after landing to undertake some “mission.” “Missions” included long hikes, “attacks” on communications objectives or factories, and what would now be called orienteering exercises. As a result of this intensive preparation, most pre-war recruits into the Soviet airborne forces were already well grounded in basic skills when they commenced their military training. Female involvement in the Osoaviakhim parachute program also was the basis for the Red Army’s airborne doctors and nurses who jumped to give medical aid to the partisans during the war. Since educational standards were higher for airborne recruits they normally picked up skills more quickly. Five years of schooling were required for airborne enlisted personnel and seven years for officers.
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Everybody's equal, But some more than others! "Those who come to us with the sword - will be killed by the sword" - Alexander Nevski Last edited by Taz; 06-07-2004 at 05:45 PM. |
05-02-2004, 05:47 PM | #16 |
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What was?
Soviet Young Pioneers
----------------------------- Foundation: The Communist Revolution in Russia occured during 1917, before the Scouting movement could be established to any extent. Scouting has always been a middle-class movement. The Communists instead set up the Young Pioneer movement to involve all children. The Communist Party (CPSU) was the most important organization in the Soviet Union. The Party used youth groups like the Young Pioneers as part of its overall program to inculcate Communist ideology. Other potentially competing youth groups were outlawed. I am not sure precisely when the Young Pioneer movement was founded. We do note the Pioneer camp "Artek" was opened in 1925. The first All-Union Pioneer Rally, I think that this was something like a Scout Jamboree, took place in Moscow during 1929. Early Years: Shortly after the Russian revolution in 1917, the communist government took serious steps to break down the strength of other social institutions. The government took control of the economy by establishing a command model economy. It closed churches and burned as many religious books as it could find to keep the ideas from being further circulated. It tried to break down the family by requiring parents to send their children to state-operated boarding schools controlled and staffed by communist party members in which students were not only educated according to party principles but also taught that the state was the entity they could count on to care for them. While students in the state-run boarding schools were not required to join the party's youth group, the Young Pioneers, they soon learned that membership was rewarded and non-membership subtly punished by both teachers and fellow students. Thus, the government gradually gained control over both people and nearly all aspects of their lives while at the same time reducing or eliminating the influence of social institutions it could not control. Levels: Personal advancement in the Soviet Union required membership in the Communist Party. You couldn't become a member of the KPSU until you were old enough, but there were other groups or clubs that were created for children and teenagers to participate in and to train for future party membership. Children of October: The first youth group that children could join was the Children of October, named after the 1917 revolution that created the Soviet Union. This level is often called "The Octoberists". The Children of October were children from 8 to 10 years old. Another source reports children 6-10 years. Young Pioneers: The next and most popular Soviet youth group was the Young Pioneers. The Pioneers were for boys and girls from the ages 10 to 14/15. It was similar in some ways to Boy or Girl Scouts, but had a clear ideological message. Pioneers were taught about Lenin and other famous communists and were encouraged to support the government and the CPSU. Each school had its pioneer organization and almost every young student in the Soviet Union was a member. The Pioneers were part of the Soviet system to thoroughly indocrinate the children. In that regards the Pioneers were similar to the Hitler Youth, but without the central theme of racial and national superiority. Also the coeducational Pioneer program was less involved in para-military training. The CPSU used the Pioneers as one part of their overall indocination program complementing school programs. The NAZIs on the other hand had less confidence in the school system, especially in the first years of the regime and as a result the Hitler Youth played a more important role in Germany than the Pioneers in the Soviet Union. Pioneers were taught about Lenin and other famous communists and were encouraged to support the government and the CPSU. Each school had its pioneer organization and almost every young student in the Soviet Union was a member. The program was completely financed by the Government, including the cost of summer camps and other activities. This is virtually all I know about the Pioneers and have been unable to find much additional information, but am seeking additional information. Komsomol: After graduating from the Pioneers, a select group of ideloically committed teenagers, or at least teenagers who appeared to accept the regime's ideology, were selected to the Komsomol. This was a youth political organization. It was created during the First All-Russian Congress of Worker and Peasant Youth on October 29, 1918, and was initially called the Russian Communist Union of Youth (RKSM), RLKSM from 1924, and VLKSM from 1926. The Union's first program specified that it was affiliated with RKP(b) (Russian Communist Party (of the bolsheviks)) and saw "its task in spreading the ideas of communism and involving the worker and peasant youth into active construction of the Soviet Russia." Additionally, the Komsomol's task included the communist upbringing based on the involvement of the worker youth in the political struggle, supplemented by theoretical education. Besides that, the Komsomol was a more popular organization than the party since the party was a leader of the proletariat, its members were supposed to possess at least a minimal political qualificaton. Komsomol was an organization aimed at upbringing, it could accept even "raw material", uninitiated young proletarians. Sturcturally, the Komsomol (TsK VLKSM) was directly subordinate to the party (TsK VKP(b)). The 22nd Extraordinary Congress of VLKSM (September 1991) decided the role of VLKSM as a federation of communist unions of youth to be completed. Participation: While students were theoretically not required to join the Young Pioneers, they soon learned that membership was rewarded and non-membership subtly punished by both teachers and fellow students. Few children refused to join. A Russian reader reports, "ALL the school students of that age were Pioneers. Exceptions unknown to me. At the age of 15 nearly all of them joined the Komsomol (Young Communist League). There were 23 million Pioneers in 1970. Here is a Pioneer leader- Methodologist Badge Eddie.
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Everybody's equal, But some more than others! "Those who come to us with the sword - will be killed by the sword" - Alexander Nevski Last edited by Taz; 06-02-2004 at 05:33 AM. |
05-02-2004, 06:28 PM | #17 |
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What was?
VOKhR
------------- On 28 May 1919, the Defense Council passed a decree, proposed by Dzerzhinsky, to transform the Corps of Vecheka Troops into the Troops of Internal Security of the Republic (Voiska Vnutrennei Okhrany Respubliki), or VOKhR . Virtually all armed forces attached to state agencies were merged into this large conglomeration, under the guise of streamlining and economizing. These troops, with the exception of those guarding railways and frontiers, were now directly responsible to the Narkomvnudel (NKVD) under the Staff of Internal Security Troops. Numerous name changes took place, decreed by the NKVD. First, on 16 June 1919 to Chief Administration of Troops of Internal Security (GUPVOKhR), then on 24 November 1919, to Staff of Troops of Internal Security (Shtab Voisk Vnutrennei Okhrany). Despite the name changes, the job titles remained the same. The local chekas could not be trusted to handle matters on their own, so the VOKhR troops were dispatched to "assist" in food-confiscation, railway management, transport, and waterway management. On 18 June 1919, the Defense Council declared martial law on all railways, granting greater jurisdiction and prosecution rights to the VOKhR. The troops of the VOKhR were then organized into regiments, battalions, companies, platoons, and squads, just as a military operation would be. The troops were subject to the same laws and regulations that members of the Red Army were bound by. Trotsky thoroughly disapproved of the formation of the VOKhR units, complaining to Lenin that while the Red Army was falling apart due to lack of supplies and standing orders, these new units were being formed and kept busy with internal tasks. He recommended to Lenin that portions of the Red Army be disbanded and reformed to create additional units within the VOKhR, which would mean they would fall directly under Vecheka control, and not necessarily NKVD control. Here is an M/1956 VOKhR Cap badge. Eddie.
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Everybody's equal, But some more than others! "Those who come to us with the sword - will be killed by the sword" - Alexander Nevski Last edited by Taz; 06-02-2004 at 05:42 AM. |
05-09-2004, 11:14 AM | #18 |
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What was?
DOBROKhIM
-------------- DOBROKhIM is an abbreviation for the "Society of Friends of Chemical Defense and Chemical Industry". The purpose of the this group was to organize civil defense and prepare soldiers for the potential use of chemical weapons. The DOBROKhIM Society was formed on May 19th 1924. Here is a stamp from the organisation. Eddie.
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Everybody's equal, But some more than others! "Those who come to us with the sword - will be killed by the sword" - Alexander Nevski Last edited by Taz; 06-10-2004 at 09:33 AM. |
05-13-2004, 03:21 AM | #19 |
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Mints
гознак - Administration of the Production of Money or other valuable Documents, this agency printed award certificates for both honorary and meritorious decorations.
мондвор - contraction for mint. монетный Двор - mint (for both Moscow and Leningrad) ммд - Moscow mint. ленинградский монетный Двор - Leningrad mint. Eddie.
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Everybody's equal, But some more than others! "Those who come to us with the sword - will be killed by the sword" - Alexander Nevski |
05-31-2004, 06:30 AM | #20 |
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Ocean-going Surface Ships & Subs
Aircraft-Carrying Cruisers/ Carriers:
TAKR - Tyazholyi Avianesushyi Kreyser = CVN/CV/CVGH - Heavy Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser Rocket Ships: ARKR - Atomnyi Raketny Kreyser = CGN - Nuclear-powered Rocket Cruiser (Nuclear-powered Guided Missile Cruiser) armed with long-range anti-ship missiles. RKR - Raketny Kreyser = CG - Rocket Cruiser (Guided Missile Cruiser) armed with long-range anti-ship missiles BRK - Bol'shoy Raketny Korabl' = DDG - Large Rocket Ship (Guided-Missile Destroyer) armed with medium/horizon-range anti-ship missiles) EM - Eskadrenny Minonosets = DDG - Guided-Missile Destroyer (with long-range anti-ship missiles) ASW Ships: PKR - Protivolodochny Kreyser = CVGH/CVS - ASW Cruiser (Aviation Cruiser) BPK - Bol'shoy Protivolodochny Korabl' = CG/DDG/DD - Large ASW Ship (Guided Missile Cruiser/ or Destroyer) Destroyers: EM - Eskadrenny Minonosets = DD - Destroyer Coastal Area and Defence Vessels: MPK - Maly Protivolodochny Korabl' = Small Antisubmarine Ship (Corvette) SKR - Storozhevoy Korabl' = Patrol Ship (Frigate) PLK 3 ranga - Protivolodochny Korabl' 3 ranga = Antisubmarine Ship 3rd rank MRK - Maly Raketny Korabl' 3 ranga = Small Rocket Ship (Guided Missile Patrol Combatant) PSK - Patrul'ny Storozhevoy Korabl' = Coastguard (Maritime Border Guard) Patrol Ship RK - Raketny Kater = Missile Boat (Guided Missile Patrol Boat) River Flotilla RK- Raketny Kater 3 ranga (ex-BTK - bol'shoy torpedny kater) = Missile Boat 3rd rank (ex-Large Torpedo-Boat) BAK - Bronirovanny Artilleryisky Korabl' = Armored Gun Ship MAK - Maly Artilleryisky Korabl' = Small Gun Ship PSKR/P - Patrul'ny Storozhevoy Kater = Coastguard Patrol Boat AK - Artilleryisky Kater = Gun Boat BK - Bronirovanny Kater = Armored Boat TKA/TK/T - Torpedny Kater = Torpedo-Boat Submarines: PLARB - Atomnaya Podvodnaya Lodka Raketnaya Ballisticheskaya = SSBN - Nuclear-powered Ballistic Missile Submarine PLARK - Atomnaya Podvodnaya Lodka Raketnaya Krylataya = SSGN - Nuclear-powered Cruise-Missile (Attack) Submarine PLAP - Atomnaya Protivolodochnaya Podvodnaya Lodka = SSKN - Nuclear-powered Hunter/Killer (ASW) Submarine PLA - Atomnaya Podvodnaya Lodka = SSN - Nuclear-powered Submarine PLRB - Podvodnaya Lodka Raketnaya Ballisticheskaya = SSB - Ballistic Missile Submarine (non-nuclear propulsion) PLRK/PLK - Podvodnaya Lodka Raketnaya Krylataya = SSG - Cruise-Missile (Attack) Submarine (Diesel-powered or other non-nuclear propulsion) PL/PLD - Podvodnaya Lodka = SS - Diesel-powered Submarine Mine Warfare (MCM) Craft: ZM - Minny i Setevoy Zagraditel' = Minelayer MT/MTSh - Morskoy Tral'shik = Seagoing (Ocean) Minesweeper TSh - Tral'shik = Minesweeper BT - Bazovy Tral'shik = Base Minesweeper RT - Reydovy Tral'shik 4 ranga = Roadstead (Coastal) Minesweeper 4th rank KT - Kater Tral'shik RChT - Rechnoy Tral'shik (ex-river) Amphibious Vessels: BDK - Bol'shoy Desantny Korabl' 1-go ranga = Large Landing (Dock Landing) Ship 1 rank BDK - Bol'shoy Desantny Korabl'2-go ranga = Large Landing (Tank Landing) Ship 2 rank SDK - Sredny Desantny Korabl' = Medium Landing Ship MDK - Maly Desantny Korabl' = Small Landing Ship DK - Desantny Kater = Landing Craft KVP/MDK - Maly Desantny Korabl' na Vozdushnoy Podushke = Large Air-cushion Vehicle Landing Craft KVP/D - Desantny Kater na Vozdushnoy Podushke = Small Air-cushion Vehicle Landing Craft (or Air-cushion Personnel Landing Craft) KVP/S - Desantny Ekranoplan = Wing-in-Ground-Effect Amphibious Landing Craft Naval Auxiliaries: KRU - Korabl' Upravleniya = Command Ship KVN - Korabl' Vozdushnogo Nabl'udenya GKS - Gidroakusticheskoe Kontrol'noe Sudno SS - Spasatel'noe Sudno Eddie.
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Everybody's equal, But some more than others! "Those who come to us with the sword - will be killed by the sword" - Alexander Nevski Last edited by Taz; 06-01-2004 at 10:14 AM. |
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