Lenin Inscripted And Signed Book Of Karl Marx.

[Tal Inbar]

On Ebay:

"A book named "POVEERTY OF PHILOSOPHY" written by the famous German Communist ideologist Karl MARX - the author of the famous "Capital". The book was re-published in 1919 in St.Petersburg translated in Russian by V.Zasulich.

The book has the handwritten inscription made by the Soviet Communist Leader Vladimir LENIN with his signature below. He wrote the following "To comrade Bukharin. Unconditionally give effect of K. Marx's views in order to wipe out unbeaten ideologists and Mensheviks".

Note: Bukharin was the first Soviet ideologist. "

Interesting....

Sample page from the Certificate of authenticity:

Translation of the COA:

EXPERT RESEARCH CENTRE
STRATEGIYA
Independent Non-profit Organisation
State registration No 1037739266212

Moscow 107139
Office 636, 3 Orlikov lane
Tel./fax 095 207 81 43
e-mail: expert@mail.magelan.ru


ACT OF EXPERT EXAMINATION
No 79-4-p 19 November, 2003



The present handwriting expert examination is fulfilled upon the request of Mr. Peter N. Kovalev at the Strategiya Centre.
Mr. Nickolay V. Chadkov, an employee of the Centre, was in charge for carrying out the expert examination. He is a specialist in the field of handwriting and signature expertise, has higher education (diploma GB No 102503), his diploma speciality is a Lawyer, Criminal Law Expert. His working experience in this field has started in 1980.

The following documents have been presented for the expert examination:
1. A book by Karl Marx "The Poverty of Philosophy" translated by V. Zasulich, Petersburg, 1919 with a handwritten note and a signature on the front page behalf of V.I. Lenin.
2. Samples of hand writing and signature of V.I. Lenin taken from illustrations of his Biography and a complete set of works.

The specialist had to answer the following questions:
1. Did V.I. Lenin himself write a handwritten text of the note and the signature behalf of V.I. Lenin on the front page of the book "The Poverty of Philosophy", which was presented?

Reference index:
1. Forensic Handwriting Enquiry of Small Hand Written Pieces. Guidelines for Experts. RFCSE MU. Moscow, 1996. 1 Edition.
2. Criminalistic Examination of Signatures Made under Unusual Conditions for Authentication Purposes. Guidelines for Experts. VNIISE. Moscow. 1994.

EXAMINATION:
The presented book by Karl Marx "The Poverty of Philosophy" translated by V. Zasulich, Petersburg, 1919 has a paper cover. Book sections are stitched up by two metal clips. The paper has yellow-brown tone, edges of the book are shabby. A handwritten note is made on the front page of the book, in the lower part of the page, angularly to horizontal edges of the page, by a fountain pen, black colour, it has three lines: "To comrade Bukharin Unconditionally give effect of K. Marx's views in order to wipe out unbeaten ideologists and Mensheviks". A signature of V.I. Lenin is made below the note with the same pen. The direction of writing is ascending. (See pictures 1,2).

By studying the handwritten note visually and magnifying it up to 8x the following has been established:
The handwritten note under examination is made by a highly elaborated hand writing, movements are well-coordinated, the pace was high. The construction of the handwriting is simple with simplification elements, the size is below the average, the racing is average, the prevailing form of movements is rectilinear-arched, the direction is left-circumferential, the coherence is high. The handwriting inclination is right, the stress is differentiated. The line range is straight, the writing line is wavy, the character pitch is small, the word interval is big. Punctuation marks are situated at small intervals from the preceding mark.
When making comparative study of the handwriting of the note under examination with samples of V.I. Lenin hand writing, it has been established that they match each other with regard to all common features: elaboration, construction, size, racing as well as the following particular handwriting features: (See pictures 3,4,6)

Complexity of movements during writing process:
· Letter "ò" is simplified due to partial or full loosing of the second element, mark 1,
Form of movements during writing process:
· Joining of "â" letter with the next one is angular, mark 2,
· Form of the second element of "í" letter is winding, mark 3,
Direction of movements during writing process:
· The final stroke of the third element of "ÿ" letter is from the right to the left, mark 4,
Spreading of movements during writing process:
· That one of superior characters of "á", "â", "ä" letters is small alone a vertical line, mark 5,
· That one of inferior characters of "ç" letter is small, mark 6,
· That one of the first element of "ò" letter is enhanced alone a vertical line, mark 7,
· Spreading of movements when writing "ë" letter is enhanced alone a vertical line, mark 8,
· That one of "æ" letter, the second element, is enhanced alone a vertical line, mark 9,
Number of movements during writing process:
· Number of oval elements of "ä", "á" letters is reduced due to the loss of a part of an oval, mark 10,
· When writing "ï" letter number of movements is increased due to the initial stroke, mark 15, Sequence of movements during writing process:
· When writing "ò" letter, first of all the second element is written then the first one, mark 11, Relative distribution of movements during writing process:
· The position of superior characters of "ä" letter of the final stroke is on the top line, mark 12,
· The position of the connecting stroke of "ð" letter is on the right of the first element, mark 13,
· The position of the first element of "ë" letter is in the top part of the line, mark 14,

The matching of common and particular features established during the comparative study is fundamental, significant and forms an individual ensemble that serves as sufficient grounds to make a conclusion that a handwritten note on the cover page of the book "The Poverty of Philosophy" is made by V.I. Lenin.

The signature under examination made behalf of V.I. Lenin has a transcription and a coherence: "Â+Ó+ë+ü+ÿ+í+î+â (Ë+å+í+è) ".
The signature is made with a high speed by coherent, highly elaborated right inclined movements, the vertical and horizontal size is average. The prevailing form of movements is rectilinear-arched, the direction is left-circumferential. The bottom line of the signature is straight, the direction is horizontal.
The comparative study of the indicated signature and samples of V.I. Lenin signatures has established that they match with regard to all common features: transcription, elaboration, pace of wiring, size and racing, form and direction of the bottom line, as well as they match with regard to the following particular hand writing features: (See pictures 3,4,5)
Form of movements during writing process:
· Form of oval elements of "Â" letter is angular, mark I,
· Form of the second element of "Ó" letter is rectilinear, mark II,
· Joining of elements of "Ë" letter is looping, mark III,
· Form of the oval element of "ü" letter is angular, mark IV,
Direction of movements during writing process:
· When writing brackets, the inclination when writing the final bracket is higher than the inclination of the first one, mark V,
Spreading of movements during writing process:
· When writing the first element of "Ó" letter the spreading of movements alone the vertical line is small, mark VI,
· When writing elements of "è" letter the spreading of movements alone the vertical line is decreasing, mark VII,
Type of joining during writing process:
· Type of joining of "î" and "â" letters is spacing, mark VIII,
Number of movements during writing process:
· the number of movements of letter "Â" is reduced due to writing the second and the third elements by one S-shaped movement, mark IX,
· When writing the first element of letter "Â" the number of movements increased due to the first stroke, mark X,
· the number of movements of letter "ÿ" is reduced due to writing the writing the second and the third elements by one S-shaped movement, mark XI,
Relative distribution of movements during writing process:
· Position of the lower part of the first element of letter "ë" is higher than the second element, mark XII,
· The joining point of "å" and "í" letters is in the top part of the line, mark XIII,
· The position of the end point of the second element of letter "Ó" is lower than the writing line, mark XIV,
· The starting point of the first element of letter "Ë" is higher than the top part of the line, mark XV,
· The starting point of the first bracket is higher than the starting point of the second one, mark XVI,
The matching of common and particular features of the signature and handwriting established in the course of comparative study is fundamental, significant and forms an individual ensemble that serves as sufficient grounds to make a conclusion that a signature behalf of V.I. Lenin placed below the handwritten note on the cover page of the book "The Poverty of Philosophy" is made by V.I. Lenin himself.
In order to illustrate the conclusions the photo copy of the letterhead was used to make an illustrative table. In this regard images have been processed by computer for better visual expression and contrast.

CONCLUSIONS:
1. The text of the handwritten note and a signature under it behalf of V.I. Lenin on the cover page of the book "Poverty of Philosophy"are made by V.I. Lenin.

Expert N.V. Chadkov
Stamp: STRATEGIYA
Expert Research Centre
Independent Non-profit Organisation