The Origins of the Cheka

[Taz]

Was born in 1907. in a village on the Mouth of the Tver province to a family of peasants.
1928 - Member VKP.
1931 - worked in agriculture.
1931-1934 - student of institute him. K.Libknehta, and then student of the Moscow institute of oriental studies.
1935-1937 - student of Institute of Red professorate.
October 1937 - otvetstvenyj organizer ORPO Central Committee VKP.
1938 - under the decision of Central Committee VKP, he was directed to work for the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR.
1945 - assistant narkoma (minister) of internal affairs of the USSR.
March 1953 - March 1954 - Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR (the incorporated Ministries of Internal Affairs and MGB of the USSR )
The general-colonel died in 1977.

Kruglov in Lithuania
-------------------
The Kremlin sent General Sergei Nikiforovich Kruglov, "one of the most cruel and merciless executioners," to Lithuania in September 1944, to strengthen the Soviet hold over the "liberated countries". Calling a top-secret organizational meeting of his officers in Panevėžys, he ordered the intensification of the effort to "liquidate" resistance in Lithuania.To organize this, Kruglov, Deputy Director of Soviet counterintelligence (SMERSH – Smert’ shpionam, "Death to Spies") established a special NKVD Department for "Bandit" Affairs (OBO – Osobi banditskii otdel).
In a technique used to seed dissention between resistance groups and the public, Kruglov ordered the formation of istrebiteli, or "destroyer" groups (stribai) of up to thirty troops. Lithuanian civilians would be told that joining stribai would exempt them from being drafted into the Red Army. The purpose of the stribai, namely to wage war against the partisans, would not be revealed to the people joining them. The stribai caused considerable tension between the populace and the resistance, as partisans would sometimes even find that friends and family members had joined them.
In addition to the eight regular Red Army divisions, Kruglov’s OBO added at least 70,000 NKVD troops to fight the partisans in 1948. These troops, forming razvedovatelno poiskovaya gruppi – reconnaissance-search groups of 15 to 20 NKVD soldiers, were given orders to conduct "state searches" (gosudarstvenoye proverkii), combing the forests for "bandits," with permission to shoot anyone who attempted to run away, even people who were unarmed. The methods used to suppress the partisans were brutal: Extreme forms of torture, quartering, tongue-cutting, eye-gouging, burying heads down in ant hills, etc., were employed to break the fighters. Mutilated corpses were dumped in town squares – and reactions of passerby were surreptitiously observed in an attempt to identify relatives and friends of "bandits".
The proverkii were effective in encircling the partisans, who often lived in concentrated underground bunkers. Usually conducting searches during the day, the groups would seek out partisans for battle in the open, or even in villages. As described in the Burlitski testimony:
It was like beating the forests for wild game, except that the game was human. Day after day we formed long lines and combed the forests and the swamps, arresting, shooting, burning...Even my well-disciplined soldiers were sickened by their jobs. Often after a particularly grim manhunt I would find them in their quarters half-mad with drink; whatever was left of their human feelings was drowned in alcohol.
In many cases, NKVD troops would desert their divisions in disgust, as was the case for the NKVD 2nd and 4th Special Task Divisions during the 1950-1951 repression.
Kruglov also introduced efforts to create fake partisan groups composed of NKVD agents trained at a special NKVD school in Vilnius.148 In some cases, NKVD agents donning partisan uniforms would be sent out to murder civilians in an attempt to convince people that the partisans were merely bandits.
These "pseudo-guerrilla" groups were also used to infiltrate the partisan cadres themselves. NKVD agents posing as partisans would go into the woods to retrieve intelligence. Towards the end of the battle, NKVD agents even impersonated American and British agents to lure partisans.