Vladimir Nikolayevich Chelomei (Влади́мир Никола́евич Челоме́й
(June 30, 1914—December 8, 1984) was a Soviet mechanics scientist and rocket engineer.
In 1959 Chelomei was appointed the Chief Constructor of Aviation Equipment.
OKB-52, along with designing ICBMs, started to work on spacecraft, and in 1961 began work on a design for much more powerful ICBM, the UR-500.
In 1962, Chelomei was created an Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Mechanics Department.
Chelomei became Korolev's internal competitor in the "Moon race". Chelomei proposed that the powerful UR-500 be used to launch a small two-man craft on a lunar flyby, and managed to gain support for his proposal by employing members of Kruschev's family. He also claimed the UR-500 could be used as to launch a military space station.
Following Kruschev's removal, Chelomei's and Korolev's projects were combined, but the Soviet Lunar program continued. The first launch of the UR-500 (also known as Proton) took place on March 10, 1967.
Although it was never used for moon missions, as Chelomei had proposed, Proton was widely used to launch Soviet satellites, and the Salyut and Mir space stations, in the following three decades.
The Earth satellites such as Polyot were also designed by Chelomei's OKB. Unlike the existing ones, even Chelomei's first satellites Polyot-1 (1963) and Polyot-2 (1964) were able to change their orbits themselves. He also headed the development of Proton satellite. In 1970s Chelomei's OKB worked on Almaz complex, which became the basis for orbital stations Salyut 2, Salyut 3, and Salyut 5 designed by Chelomei and his OKB. Chelomei designed a manned orbiting vehicle the TKS to support Almaz as an alternative to Soyuz. The TKS never flew as planned but derivatives flew as modules on Salyut 7 and Mir.
Chelomei died in Moscow in 1984.
* two times Hero of Socialist Labor (1959, 1963)
* USSR State Prize (1967, 1974, 1982)
* Lenin Prize (1959)
* four Orders of Lenin
* Order of the October Revolution
(June 30, 1914—December 8, 1984) was a Soviet mechanics scientist and rocket engineer.In 1959 Chelomei was appointed the Chief Constructor of Aviation Equipment.
OKB-52, along with designing ICBMs, started to work on spacecraft, and in 1961 began work on a design for much more powerful ICBM, the UR-500.
In 1962, Chelomei was created an Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Mechanics Department.
Chelomei became Korolev's internal competitor in the "Moon race". Chelomei proposed that the powerful UR-500 be used to launch a small two-man craft on a lunar flyby, and managed to gain support for his proposal by employing members of Kruschev's family. He also claimed the UR-500 could be used as to launch a military space station.
Following Kruschev's removal, Chelomei's and Korolev's projects were combined, but the Soviet Lunar program continued. The first launch of the UR-500 (also known as Proton) took place on March 10, 1967.
Although it was never used for moon missions, as Chelomei had proposed, Proton was widely used to launch Soviet satellites, and the Salyut and Mir space stations, in the following three decades.
The Earth satellites such as Polyot were also designed by Chelomei's OKB. Unlike the existing ones, even Chelomei's first satellites Polyot-1 (1963) and Polyot-2 (1964) were able to change their orbits themselves. He also headed the development of Proton satellite. In 1970s Chelomei's OKB worked on Almaz complex, which became the basis for orbital stations Salyut 2, Salyut 3, and Salyut 5 designed by Chelomei and his OKB. Chelomei designed a manned orbiting vehicle the TKS to support Almaz as an alternative to Soyuz. The TKS never flew as planned but derivatives flew as modules on Salyut 7 and Mir.
Chelomei died in Moscow in 1984.
* two times Hero of Socialist Labor (1959, 1963)
* USSR State Prize (1967, 1974, 1982)
* Lenin Prize (1959)
* four Orders of Lenin
* Order of the October Revolution
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