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TheWorld War I Victory Medal(known prior to establishment of theWorld War II Victory Medalin 1945 simply as theVictory Medal) was aUnited Statesservice medaldesigned byJames Earle FraserofNew York Cityunder the direction of theCommission of Fine Arts.[1]
Award of a commonalliedservice medal was recommended by an inter-allied committee in March 1919.[2]Each allied nation would design a 'Victory Medal' for award to their military personnel, all issues having certain common features, including a winged figure ofvictoryon the obverse and the same ribbon.[3]
The Victory Medal was originally intended to be established by anact of Congress. Thebillauthorizing the medal never passed, however, thus leaving the military departments to establish it throughgeneral orders. TheWar Departmentpublished orders in April 1919, and theNavyin June of the same year.[1]
Criteria[edit]The Victory Medal was awarded to military personnel for service between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918, or with either of the followingexpeditions:
The front of the bronze medal features awinged Victoryholding a shield and sword on the front. The back of the bronze medal features "The Great War For Civilization" in all capital letters curved along the top of the medal. Curved along the bottom of the back of the medal are six stars, three on either side of the center column of seven staffs wrapped in a cord. The top of the staff has a round ball on top and is winged on the side. The staff is on top of a shield that says "U" on the left side of the staff and "S" on the right side of the staff. On left side of the staff it lists oneWorld War I Alliedcountry per andGreece. On the right side of the staff the Allied country names read:Great with a U instead of an O as it is spelled now), andChina.
Back of the medalDevices[edit]To denote battle participation and campaign credit, the World War I Victory Medal was authorized with a large variety of devices to denote specific accomplishments. In order of seniority, the devices authorized to the World War I Victory Medal were as follows:
Citation Star[edit]TheCitation Starto the World War I Victory Medal was authorized by the United States Congress on February 4, 1919.[1]A3⁄16inch silver star was authorized to be worn on the ribbon of the Victory Medal for any member of the U.S. Army who had been cited for gallantry in action between 1917 and 1920. In 1932, the Citation Star ("Silver Star") was redesigned and renamed theSilver Star Medaland, upon application to theUnited States War Department, any holder of the Silver Star Citation could have it converted to a Silver Star medal.
Navy Commendation Star[edit]TheNavy Commendation Starto the World War I Victory Medal was authorized to any person who had been commended by the Secretary of the Navy for performance of duty during the First World War. A3⁄16inch silver star was worn on the World War I Victory Medal, identical in appearance to the Army's Citation Star. Unlike the Army's version, however, the Navy Commendation Star could not be upgraded to the Silver Star medal.[1][5]
Titles of Distinction