WW1 FRENCH MEDALS -RIBBONS DEALER LOT SALE SEE AUCTIONS -HUGE SALE GOING ON For Sale

WW1 FRENCH MEDALS -RIBBONS DEALER LOT SALE SEE AUCTIONS -HUGE SALE GOING ON
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PLEASE SEE STORELOT MORE --COMBINE SHIPPINGSAVE $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$Croix de guerre 1914–1918(France)
Croix de Guerre1914–19181914–1918Croix de guerrewith three citations
2 bronze palms
1 silver gilt starTypeMedalAwarded forMilitary duty duringWorld War I, valor in battlePresented byFranceStatusClosedEstablished2 April 1915Total2,065,000[1]Ribbon bar & streamer of the FrenchCroix de nationale de reconnaissance aux victimes du terrorismeNext(lower)Croix de guerre1939–1945Fourragèreof the Croix de guerre 1914-1918

TheCroix de guerre1914–1918(English:War Cross) was a Frenchmilitary decoration, the first version of theCroix de Guerre. It was created to recognize French andalliedsoldiers who were cited for valorous service duringWorld War I, similar to the Britishmentioned in dispatchesbut with multiple degrees equivalent to other nations' decorations for courage.

Soon after the outbreak ofWorld War I, French military officials felt that a new military award had to be created. At that time, theCitation du jour("Daily Citation") already existed to acknowledge soldiers, but it was just a sheet of paper. Only theMédaille MilitaireandLegion of Honourwere bestowed for courage in the field, due to the numbers now involved, a new decoration was required in earnest. At the end of 1914, General Boëlle, Commandant in Chief of the French 4th Army Corps, tried to convince the French administration to create a formal military award.Maurice Barrès, the noted writer andparliamentarianfor Paris, gave Boëlle support in his efforts.[1]

On 23 December 1914, the French parliamentarianGeorges Bonnefousproposed a legislative bill to create theCroix de la Valeur Militaire("Cross of Military Valour") signed by 66 other parliamentarians.Émile Driant, a parliamentarian who served in the war zone during much of this time, became its natural spokesman when he returned to the legislature. On 18 January 1915, Driant submitted this bill but the name of the military award was renamed toCroix de guerre("War Cross"). After parliamentary discussions, the bill was adopted on 2 April 1915.[1]

World War I began in 1914 and ended in 1918, so the final name adopted is "Croix de guerre1914–1918".

Award statute[edit]

EveryCroix de guerreawarded carries at least one citation for gallantry or courage to a member of any rank of the French military or of an allied army. Ribbon devices indicate the importance or degree of the soldier's role during the action cited. The lowest degree is represented by abronzestar and the highest degree is represented by a bronze palm. The cross is only awarded once and subsequent actions worthy of citations will be limited to additional ribbon devices on the originally received insignia. The number of ribbon devices on aCroix de guerreis not limited, some awards, especially to ace fighter pilots, had extremely long ribbons with dozens of stars and palms.[1]

TheCroix de guerre1914-1918 was attributed to:

    French andalliedsoldiers individually cited for a wartime act of gallantry;[2]
  • Civilians and militarized personnel individually cited for a wartime act of gallantry;[2]
  • Automatically to soldiers and civilians not specifically cited for aCroix de guerrebut awarded the Légion d'honneur or Médaille militaire for the highest acts of wartime valour and gazetted in the Official Journal of the French Republic;[2]
  • Collectively, to army units, ships or air squadrons;[2]
  • To cities and villages, martyrs of war, destroyed, ravaged or bombed by the enemy (2952 towns received theCroix de guerre1914–1918, in this case, always awarded with palm).[2]

Soldiers who were/are members of units recognized by a collective unit award of theCroix de guerremay wear theFourragèreof theCroix de guerre1914-1918 as long as they remain members of that unit. Soldiers who actively took part as members of units during repeated feats of arms recognized by more than one collective award of theCroix de guerremay continue to wear the fourragère even after leaving the meritorious unit.[1]Battle streamers in the colours of theCroix de guerre1914-1918 are affixed to the colours of recipient units.

Award description[edit]

The cross was designed by the sculptorPaul-Albert Bartholomé. It is 37mm wide, Florentine bronzecross pattée, with two crossed swords pointing up between the arms. The obverse centre medallion bears the relief image of theFrench Republicin the form of the bust of a young woman wearing aPhrygian capsurrounded by the circular relief inscriptionRÉPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE(FRENCH REPUBLIC). Not knowing how long the war would last, the reverse centre medallion bears the dates 1914–1915, 1914–1916, 1914–1917 and finally 1914–1918.[1]

The cross is suspended by a ring through a suspension loop cast atop the upper cross arm. It hangs from a 37mm wide green silkmoiréribbon with seven narrow 1,5mm wide vertical red stripes evenly spaced and two 1mm red edge stripes.[2]

Reverse of the four variants of the World War I Croix de Guerre

The lowest degree is represented by a bronze star and the highest degree is represented by a silver palm. The cross was worn with the appropriate attachments to signify the singular or multiple awards of the decoration.

    Bronze star(étoile de bronze): for those who were mentioned at style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Silver star(étoile d'argent): for those who were cited at thedivisionlevel.[2]
  • Silver gilt star(étoile vermeil): for those who were cited at thecorpslevel.[2]
  • Bronze palm(palme de bronze): for those who were cited at the army level.[2]
  • Silver palm(palme d'argent): could be worn in lieu of five bronze palms.[2]
Award Ribbons[edit]
    Étoile de bronze
    Bronze star
  • Étoile d'argent
    Silver star
  • Étoile de vermeil
    Silver gilt star
  • Palme de bronze
    Bronze palm

Combatant's Cross
Combatant's CrossObverse of the Combatant's CrossAwarded forCombat service to FrancePresented byFranceEstablished19 December 1926Ribbon of the Combatant's CrossPrecedenceNext(higher)Aeronautical MedalNext(lower)Medal of French GratitudeAndré Daugnac, a recipient of the Combatant's CrossDoctor Edmond Reboul, a recipient of the Combatant's Cross

TheCombatant's Cross(French:"Croix du combattant") is a French decoration that recognizes, as its name implies, those who fought in combat for France. ThePoilus(French combat soldiers) ofWorld War Iworked toward recognition by the government, of a special status to those who had participated in the bitter fighting of 1914–1918 (as opposed to those who served behind the lines).[1]The law of 19 December 1926 created la "carte du combatant", or combatant's card, for veterans of 1914-1918, as well as for the veterans of 1870-1871 and colonial wars before the First World War. The decoration was created only three years later by the law of 28 June 1930.[2]

A decree of January 29, 1948 states that the provisions of the 1930 Act relating to the allocation of the combatant's card and the Combatant's Cross were applicable to participants of the 1939–1945 war. The law of 18 July 1952 extended the benefit of the award of the Croix du combattant for Indochina and Korea.

The law of December 9, 1974 extended the award of the Combatant's Cross to operations in North Africa between 1 January 1952 and July 2, 1962. More recently, a decree of January 12, 1994 opened le carte du combattant holder (hence of the Combatant's Cross) to those who participated in operations inCambodia,Cameroon,Persian Gulf,Lebanon,Madagascar, theSuez Canal,Somalia,Central African statute[edit]

There is a particular set of requirements for each conflict or military operation in regards to the granting of the combatant card.[2]

The Cross is awarded in different cases:

- for service with a unit asserted ascombattant unit(front-line service) by theMinistry of Defense: ninety days of serviceora wound or illness received or contracted during service,orninety days of detention by the enemy.[2]

- for service with any unit:mention in dispatchesfor valor,ordirect participation in five fire engagements,ora wound in action,ordetention by the enemy without application of theGeneva Convention[2]

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